The History Of The Transformational Leadership Education Essay

The History Of The Transformational Leadership Education Essay Theories of leadership, over decades have explored a wide variety of concepts. Much research has been undertaken keeping in mind the western society both relating to organizations as well as political and other leaders. There is a dearth of a systematic leadership study in regards to either organizations or political leadership in third world countries especially in Pakistan. Journalistic appraisals are commonly done but theoretical analysis is sorely missing. Also, not much work has been done to explore the concept of transformational leadership among politicians both here and abroad. This paper wishes in some way to minimize this lack. When reading about Bhuttos life, the easiest course of action would have been to view her from the perspective of traits or simply charisma. The paper explores the contemporary concept of transformational leadership with regards to Benazir Bhutto. Her assassination formed the motivational factor to conduct such a research particularly on a personalit y known nationally and internationally as a leader. In addition, quantitative small scale researches are usually conducted from time to time, but very little attention is given to qualitative/descriptive/documentary research. Four aspects of transformational leadership that were studied include idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration. Keywords: Transformational leadership, there are 4 main factors: idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, individualized consideration. 1. Introduction Leadership is not easy. It is never meant to be easy. It is born of a passion, and it is a commitment-a commitment to an idea, to principles, to fundamental human values. Benazir Bhutto 2. Transformational leadership: An overview The term though coined by Downton (1973), the concept first emerged with the work of Burns (1978) which linked the role between leadership and followership. This new theory of leadership had intensive interest for two reasons. Western companies, like ATT, IBM, GM, ventured into transformations and in the 1970s and 1980à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ²s the business world became very much dynamic, more competitive and less stable. Fast technological changes, great international competition, commercial deregulation, too much capacity in capital intensive industries, unsteadiness of oil cartels, demographic labour changes etc., are some of the factors which brought to such a state (Stoner and Freeman, 1992). Second, leaderships theoretic base rested on the trait theory, behaviouristic theory of leaders and contingency theory of leadership which did not take into consideration untypical qualities of leaders which required a new leadership concept. Therefore the transformational theory of leadership gave forth a new dimension to leadership studies. Burns (1978) concept distinguished between two types of leadership, namely transactional and transformational. Transactional refers to the exchanges between leaders and followers, where as transformational is when the person engages with others and creates a connection which raises level of motivation in both the leader and the follower. Some of the examples of internationally known transformational leaders include Mahatma Ghandi, Nelson Mandela, Martin Luther King. One question that comes to mind is about leaders like Hitler who also transformed society? Can they also be called Transformational leaders? When people transform society in negative ways and do not raise level of morality in others, they are described as Pseudo transformational leaders. They are self consumed, power oriented and exploitative with warped moral values. There has been some research done on political leadership but the focus of these studies have usually been on just one aspect namely charisma (Bligh, Kohles and Meindl 2004 a&b; Emrich, Brower, Feldman and Garland, 2001; Mio, Riggio Levin and Reese, 2005; Seyranian and Bligh, 2007) and especially keeping in mind high profile leaders such as United States presidents (House, Spangler and Woycke, 1991). Most of such research has a quantitative analysis where the analysis may not overlook creative insights but also due to its frequent usage it is made to be more meaningful and most often words can be taken out of context. (Bligh et al., 2004b; Insch et al., 1997; Morris, 1994) 3. Transformational leadership of Bhutto This research on Bhutto will be assessed on four parameters of idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration which have been summed up as stated earlier. Each quality will first be individually analyzed and then compared to what journalists and others have stated on Bhuttos behalf. 3.1 Idealized influence According to this concept transformational leaders often serve as role models for their followers. The leaders are admired respected and trustedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦having extraordinary capabilities, persistence and determination (Bass and Riggio, 2006). Not only this, but leadership theory should also stress on incidents where a leader has exerted exceptional influence on their followers so as to obtain favourable results (Bass, 1985; Mumford, 2006). This concept of idealized influence is based on leadership that has a future oriented vision and provides meaning and direction to a particular cause (Bass, 1990; Shamir, House and Arthur, 1993). Recent research also gives emphasis on ideological leadership where leaders seek followers who believe in the goals and value systems that give emphasis on the prescriptive mental model being given (Mumford, 2006). A current research which examines three areas of leadership has ideological factor as one of the main components (Mumford, Antes, Caughro n Friedrich, 2008). Thus, keeping all these factors in mind the assessment of Bhutto as having idealized influence on her followers has been undertaken. 3.2 Inspirational motivation According to this concept transformational leaders motivate and inspire those around them by providing meaning and challenge to their followers work. (Bass and Riggio, 2006) Such leaders envisage a future goal, a shared vision which they want their followers to share and achieve with them. Apart from this, such leaders portray great charisma which allows them to bind their followers to themselves and lead them towards social change. This concept of charismatic leadership is also not a new but a much researched one. It is one of the way in which one can understand an aspect of effective leadership (Hughes, Ginnett and Curphy, 2003). As previously stated the concept was initially used by Weber (1947) to understand and describe the characteristics political religious and military leaders. Later the concept was expanded by others to give and different conceptualization of charismatic leadership (House, 1977; Sashkin,1988; Shamir, House and Arthur 1993) and also became a part of transform ational leadership in the theories of Bass and Avolio.(1994) Concept of charismatic leadership which becomes a part of the motivational factor has been studied. The concept of visionary charismatic leadership is very important especially in times of crises as indicated in the study of Hunt, Boal and Dodge (1999). Two further aspects came to the forefront with on the one hand followers prefer leaders who portray charisma in conditions of crises (Pillai and Meindl, 1998) and followers attributing self sacrificial behaviour of the leader under crisis conditions who were more likely to portray charisma (Halverson, Holladay, Kazama,and Quinoes (2004). Such studies portray the fact that stressful conditions do affect both the leader and the follower in how they are inspired and view charisma. Another aspect of inspirational motivation is to deal with how such leader appeal to their followers. Emotions of people are appealed to and self worth is enhanced (Emrich, Brower, Feldman and Garland, 2001; House, Spangler and Woyke, 1991) Bhuttos inspirational motivation can be analyzed into two areas, namely to motivate and empower others on a shared vision and her charisma. On the count of motivating others, many authors have given glowing tributes. Gordon Brown (2008) calls it a part of her legacy that women are empoweredà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and would use her for future role models; Miliband (2008) and Schofield (2008) describe her commitment towards democracy as a motivating factor; Lamb (2008) recalls her spouse Zardari calling his wife the queen bee whose workers needed her alive to continue their struggle; Gopal (2008) realizes that Bhutto did inspire a generation both in life and in death to struggle for democracy; Prasannarajan (2008) states that despite threats she never shrank from her responsibility, took up challenges and made personal sacrifices for her vision and that such motivation is rarely seen; Baker (2008) sees the signing of the charter of democracy between two political opponents namely Bhutto and Sh arif as a factor to restore decent politics and cjoining hands on a common denominator; Chua-Eoan (2008) despite critical comments concedes that Bhutto both in life and death drew millions. remember her party official Babar Awan calling her beautiful that day, in all the ways that a woman like her -bright energetic bursting with ideas and hope-could look beautiful. Such charisma denotes why Bhutto had many staunch supporters. 3.3 Intellectual stimulation Such transformational leaders stimulate their followers efforts to be innovative and creative. Followers are encouraged to try out new ideas and such ideas are viewed in the light that a better solution to the problem may be realized. Followers are not criticized if their ideas are in any way different from the ideas of the leader (Bass and Riggio, 2006). This concept has been explained differently and in various contexts. Some call it as a quality of a pragmatic leader. Such a leader does require their workers to unite and work for common goals (Mumford and Van Doorn, 2001). In a recent study Mumford et al (2008) realized that for the emergence of pragmatic leaders there has to be a minimum level of group cohesion. Apart from this, the same study also indicated that pragmatic leaders may seek to minimize political conflict due to the detrimental effects of intense conflict on the effective application of complex problem solving skills. This factor is an important aspect of intellect ual stimulation as such a quality can harness together differing viewpoints and opinions even from the opposition. Emotionally intelligent leadership is also an attribute of great leadership (Goleman, 1995) Practical intelligence and the need to modify any environment to suit the situation is also what transformational leaders need to do. Another aspect of intellectual stimulation can be accessed through the lens of aesthetic perception. This recent qualitative study by Ladkin (2008), embodies and focuses on leading beautifully and will lead to a different direction for leadership studies in the future. Followers can get stimulated in a wide variety of ways. The power to arouse ones followers intellectually can have lasting effects. An example of it would be Obamas books being published before the election campaigns. 3.4 Individualized Consideration Once again transformational leaders pay attention to followers needs for achievement and growth by acting as a coach and mentor. New ways and opportunities of learning are evolved and individual desires and needs are seen to. The individual is regarded as a whole person rather than just an employee, and the task of the leader is to develop the followers. (Bass and Riggio, 2006) This aspect is seen under two areas. The first one is her immense kindness to others and her concern for them. Schofield (2008) speaks of her 33 year association with Bhutto and states that as a friend, she was kind and generous. Barak (2008) recalls his own incident of injury and her kindness to him which must have endeared her to people the world over. In a similar manner, Thapar (2008) too remembers Bhutto giving regular calls when his own wife was seriously ill. Lamb (2008) too speaks of Bhuttos hand written will which she had written prior to her death as how to dispose of her belongings with details of how even her shoes and clothes should be distributed among her employees.

Academic Definition and History of Emotional Intelligence

In 1985 Wayne Leon Payne, so a alumnus pupil at an alternate broad humanistic disciplines college in the USA, wrote a doctorial thesis which included the term â€Å" emotional intelligence † in the rubric. This seems to be the first academic usage of the term â€Å" emotional intelligence. † In following five old ages, no 1 else seems to hold used the term â€Å" emotional intelligence † in any academic documents. Then in 1990 the work of two American university professors, John Mayer and Peter Salovey, was published in two academic diary articles. Mayer, ( U. of New Hampshire ) , and Salovey ( Yale ) , were seeking to develop a manner of scientifically mensurating the difference between people ‘s ability in the country of emotions. They found that some people were better than others at things like placing their ain feelings, placing the feelings of others, and work outing jobs affecting emotional issues. The rubric of one of these documents was titled â€Å" Emotional Intelligence † . Since 1990 these professors have developed two trials to try to mensurate what they are naming our â€Å" emotional intelligence. † Because about all of their authorship has been done in the academic community, their names and their existent research findings are non widely known. Alternatively, the individual most normally associated with the term emotional intelligence is really a New York author and adviser named Daniel Goleman. In 1995 Goleman ‘s book came out under the rubric â€Å" Emotional Intelligence. † The book made it to the screen of Time Magazine in the USA and Goleman began looking on American telecasting shows such as Oprah Winfrey and Phil Donahue. He besides began a talking circuit to advance the book and the book became an international best marketer. It remained on the New York Times best-seller list for about one twelvemonth. In the book he collected, and frequently dramatized, a batch of information on the encephalon, emotions, and behaviour. On the Daniel Goleman page you can see notes and unfavorable judgments of the book. One thing Goleman has been criticized for is beliing what Salovey and Mayer meant by the term â€Å" emotional intelligence † . Annie Paul says Goleman â€Å" distorted their theoretical account in upseting ways. † John Mayer has been quoted as stating â€Å" Goleman has broadened the definition of emotional intelligence to such an extent that it no longer has any scientific significance or public-service corporation and is no longer a clear forecaster of result.Features of Emotional IntelligenceDaniel Goleman, an American psychologist, developed a model of five elements that define emotional intelligence: Self-Awareness: Peoples with high emotional intelligence are normally really self-conscious. They understand their emotions, and because of this, they do n't allow their feelings govern them. They ‘re confident – because they trust their intuition and do n't allow their emotions get out of control. They ‘re besides willing to take an honest expression at themselves. They know their strengths and failings, and they work on these countries so they can execute better. Many people believe that this self-awareness is the most of import portion of emotional intelligence. Self-Regulation: This is the ability to command emotions and urges. Peoples who self-regulate typically do n't let themselves to go excessively angry or covetous, and they do n't do unprompted, careless determinations. They think before they act. Features of self-regulation are thoughtfulness, comfort with alteration, unity, and the ability to state no. Motivation: Peoples with a high grade of emotional intelligence are normally motivated. They ‘re willing to postpone immediate consequences for long-run success. They ‘re extremely productive, love a challenge, and are really effectual in whatever they do. Empathy: This is possibly the second-most of import component of emotional intelligence. Empathy is the ability to place with and understand the wants, demands, and point of views of those around you. Peoples with empathy are good at acknowledging the feelings of others, even when those feelings may non be obvious. As a consequence, empathic people are normally first-class at pull offing relationships, hearing, and associating to others. They avoid pigeonholing and judging excessively rapidly, and they live their lives in a really unfastened, honorable manner. Social Skills: It ‘s normally easy to speak to and like people with good societal accomplishments, another mark of high emotional intelligence. Those with strong societal accomplishments are typically team participants. Rather than concentrate on their ain success foremost, they help others develop and reflect. They can pull off differences, are first-class communicators, and are Masterss at edifice and keeping relationships.Need of emotional intelligenceIt suggests that the footing for emotional intelligence is self awareness. This deals with how people perceive, appraise and show their ain emotions. And how they use emotions to ease and prioritize thought, using the emotions to help in opinion ( utilizing the information that emotions provide ) . In the workshop, we looked at labelling and apportioning their emotions to different parts of their organic structures, for illustration person said they got ‘butterflies in their tummy ‘ before they did a presentation. Other common emotions which have become associated with parts of the organic structure include a weightiness in the thorax, a ball in the pharynx and a weight on the shoulders. Bing able to separate between these many different emotions and feelings is a requirement for the other countries of EI. The 2nd demand is self direction which is about how people control their emotions instead than being at their caprice – utilizing feelings as a ‘resource ‘ . And we did a short exercising utilizing NLP ‘s resource anchoring to demo how participants could utilize an emotional province they had experience in one context and use it in another where it would be more utile than the province they usually experienced here. I think I managed to convert them that this is a ‘tool ‘ non a ‘trick ‘ , and like any other tools is n't per se good or bad but can be utile. The 3rd is societal consciousness – being tuned into others ‘ emotions, and the organizational clime. They key here is about being able to read other people and acquiring some external proof of this ability to be able to ticket melody it. We used a twosome of great trials which are freely available in the cyberspace: Simon Baron Cohen ‘s Reading the Mind in the Eyes quiz, and Paul Ekman ‘s Subtle Expression Training Tool and Micro Expression Training Tool. Fourth comes societal accomplishments, things like ‘visionary leading, influence, developing others, communicating, alteration contact action, struggle direction, constructing bonds, teamwork and coaction. But really unless people have good ego consciousness, self direction and societal consciousness, these societal accomplishments are improbable to hold much impact. Possibly the ground CEOs price reduction societal accomplishments is that they do n't see them bettering – and possibly the ground for this is that administrations have put excessively much focal point on societal accomplishments themselves, and non plenty on the other underpinning abilities.Equivalent at workForemans and leaders, in peculiar, need high EQ because they represent the organisation to the populace, they interact with the highest figure of people within and outside the organisation and they set the tone for employee morale, says Goleman. Leaderships with empathy are able to understand their employees? demands and supply them with constructive feedback, he says. Different occupations besides call for different types of emotional intelligence, Goleman says. For illustration, success in gross revenues requires the empathetic ability to estimate a client? s temper and the interpersonal accomplishment to make up one's mind when to flip a merchandise and when to maintain quiet. By comparing, success in painting or professional tennis requires a more single signifier of self-discipline and motive. And there are gender differences in emotional intelligence every bit good, says Stein. After administrating EQ appraisals to 4,500 work forces and 3,200 adult females, his organisation found that adult females score higher than work forces on steps of empathy and societal duty, but work forces outperform adult females on emphasis tolerance and assurance steps. In other words, says Stein, adult females and work forces are every bit as intelligent emotionally, but they? re strong in different countries.Importance of Emotional IntelligenceWhether we like it or non, our emotions are portion of what makes us human and they follow and influence us wherever we go – and that means they follow us to work. Effective direction of emotional intelligence is a strong forecaster of success in both our personal life and in the office. Research shows that the step of one ‘s emotional intelligence, frequently referred to as emotional quotient ( EQ ) , is twice every bit of import as tradi tional leading accomplishments for occupation public presentation in direction places. Those with high emotional intelligence are much more likely to present superior public presentation as compared to the norm participants, irrespective of industry. It is, possibly, slightly intuitive to understand that competences in EI affair for sales representative who depend on their ability to associate with and successfully connect and influence with others, but interestingly the informations for scientists and similar proficient professions besides points to EI as necessary for first-class public presentation – even more so than analytical thought. Goleman points out that the more complex the occupation, the more EI affairs. In complex functions, holding a high degree of analytical and proficient accomplishments are merely the threshold demand for people to execute aptly, intending these accomplishments are merely the entry point. A lack of EI hinders the usage of whatever threshold skills a individual may hold. Goleman adds, â€Å" In short, out-of-control emotions ca n do smart people stupid. † Emotional intelligence impacts many countries under the umbrella of organisational effectivity, such as in the countries of keeping and leading. Employee turnover rates can be really dearly-won to organisations and can deeply impact the bottom line. The top is that employees are more likely to remain with foremans who manage emotional intelligence. In other words, people do n't go forth occupations – they leave directors. Peoples with good foremans are four times less likely to go forth than are those with hapless foremans. EI is really of import in leading functions, as leaders need everyone to make their occupations every bit efficaciously as possible and this requires a high grade of interpersonal effectivity. Studies show that high EQ differentiates average from superior performing artists, which can be critical for leading places. The good intelligence is, unlike IQ, research surveies prove that emotional intelligence accomplishments can be taught and developed over clip. â€Å" Alternatively of being stuck with the manus they ‘d been cover, people can take stairss to heighten their emotional intelligence and do themselves more effectual in their work and personal lives. † More good intelligence is that most people ‘s EI increases with age and adulthood. For anyone who wants to further understand their emotional intelligence, EQ can be measured by a assortment of appraisals and development programs can be created to efficaciously assist better emotional intelligence and consequences.How to Better Your Emotional IntelligenceThe good intelligence is that emotional intelligence CAN be taught and developed. Many books and trials are available to assist you find your current EI, and place where you may necessitate to make some work. You can besides utilize these tips: Detect how you react to people. Do you hotfoot to judgment before you know all of the facts? Do you pigeonhole? Look candidly at how you think and interact with other people. Try to set yourself in their topographic point, and be more unfastened and accepting of their positions and demands. Look at your work environment. Make you seek attending for your achievements? Humility can be a fantastic quality, and it does n't intend that you ‘re diffident or lack assurance. When you pattern humbleness, you say that you know what you did, and you can be softly confident about it. Give others a opportunity to reflect – set the focal point on them, and do n't worry excessively much about acquiring congratulations for yourself. Make a self-evaluation. What are your failings? Are you willing to accept that you ‘re non perfect and that you could work on some countries to do yourself a better individual? Have the bravery to look at yourself candidly – it can alter your life. Analyze how you react to nerve-racking state of affairss. Do you go disquieted every clip there ‘s a hold or something does n't go on the manner you want? Do you fault others or go angry at them, even when it ‘s non their mistake? The ability to remain unagitated and in control in hard state of affairss is extremely valued – in the concern universe and outside it. Keep your emotions under control when things go incorrect. Take duty for your actions. If you hurt person ‘s feelings, apologise straight – do n't disregard what you did or avoid the individual. Peoples are normally more willing to forgive and bury if you make an honest effort to do things right. Examine how your actions will impact others – before you take those actions. If your determination will impact others, put yourself in their topographic point. How will they experience if you do this? Would you desire that experience? If you must take the action, how can you assist others cover with the effectsDecisionThe common denominator that all concerns portion is people, and assisting people work together better is an intuitively easy construct to understand. Since organisations are complex systems, emotional intelligence is non traveling to be the individual intercession to work out all jobs. That being said, those companies that make emotional intelligence a precedence and cascade this down to the group and single degree will hold a strategic advantage over those companies who ignore the human factor. A good first measure for a company interested in researching emotional intelligence further may be to perpetrate to making and prolonging an ambiance that values emotional intelligence, and to larn more about specifying an emotionally healthy organisation. Another positive measure is to further truth stating by explicitly and implicitly honoring reliable communicating, and conversely by doing it inappropriate for others who are non reliable and blunt. Further, you may see increasing your group ‘s self-awareness by a assortment of appraisal options. These could include a current province appraisal affecting leading, stakeholder and squad members, a measuring of morale utilizing the Organization Culture Surveya„? , or an appraisal of single emotional intelligence

English dream to reality

‘I'd like to welcome y'all to the rap states battle where the best freestyles from everywhere around the world have come to compete against the best' the adrenaline rush paced his veins as the enormous, high pitched voice from the Rap Battle host announced the welcome. The crowd cheered as a shiver ran up his spine, this was the chance for Shorty to gain his respect as a known MC. Round one and up went the first contestant, up against one of the best, Nas, the challenger was practically chewed up and spat out. Now Shorty was getting weary, he began to see what would happen to him if he failed. ‘Give it up for my main man Shorty! ‘It was now Shorty's turn, as he walked up to the stage the microphone was put to his mouth and the crowd in their thousands were shouting ‘choke, choke, choke' at that same moment Shorty threw back the microphone in disgust, he had ruined it all, there was no chance of him becoming a known MC around the world. It was now the champs turn, after a few long agonising minutes, the crowd roared out with cheers Shorty had been put down like a dog. It was now or never Shorty's whole rap career depended on this, he decided to have another go, again the crowd shouted ‘choke, choke, choke' As Shorty starred at the hating crowd the stage went quite, suddenly the silence was broken ‘Blood I aint hating on you, so why you hating on me? ‘ Shorty had words spilling out of his mouth like water running out of a tap, hope now turned into anger and anger into words, the words being expressed were very strong and passionate. After a long 30 seconds of pure MC'in the battle was over, now all Shorty could hope for was fate being on his side. Put your hands together for my man Nas! ‘ loud cheering from the crowds of thousands and thousands of people were ringing inside of the ears of Shorty. ‘Now put your hands together for Shorty! ‘ silence. ‘I know many of you have come here tonight to see young MC's being ripped apart but I am glad to say we have a new Champ, it's the one and only tongue twisting Li-‘ The piercing sound of the fire bell was ringing inside the head of Shorty, his head was a big church bell banging side to side. Ahh,' he gave a little scream and then began to scream ‘I won' repeatedly as he came back to the light of reality from his dream. The class suddenly turned to face him, a long silence hovered over the cold, dull classroom this was soon broken by the bellowing voice of Mr Crankbrook, ‘Pardon? What did you say? ‘ Here sat the greatest MCing lyricist. Shortys head went from pale and dead to a bright hot red as he had the loud voice of Mr Crankbrook's shouting spinning around his head doing circles. Shorty replied in complete confusion with a simple grunt and shrugged his broad shoulders. As the lesson progressed, Shorty's ball of anger against Mr Crankbrook for his embarrassing outbreak raged deep within him. For the remaining part of the lesson Shorty stared aimlessly at the ceiling. ‘Are you ready to die? ‘, ‘No, p-please gimme one mo chance' cried the tall shady man who was practically on his knobbly knees begging. ‘I gave you many chances Crankbrook, you chose to blow them back in my face! ‘ ‘Shorty†¦ Nooo! standing coolly and calm, Shorty, in his ice white suit lit a cigar, seconds later he laid a long grubby finger on the trigger of his P90 Rugar, Cranbrook looked at the gun in disgust, a shot was fired, in a slow motion the 9mm bullet came out of the gun like a spitting snake and the surrounding went dead a split second after the gun shot a finger of lightening lashed out aimlessly in the dark night sky. Crankbrook who was now dying from lack of blood breathed his last breath a further eight ear splitting gun shots were fired simultaneously which drained away the screaming of Cranbrook. In a deep cold voice Shorty muttered his final words ‘Whats mines is mines, what's yours is mines, sometimes people tend to forget that' the final gunshot was fired. The atmosphere of the scene died down and Shorty dropped down on his knees as his conscience came crawling back to him, Shorty, now the most respected thugs of LA, sat on the damp grass in disbelief to what he had just done. ‘Haha†¦ Shorty you just wet yourself you just wet yourself! ‘ shouted a boy passing, ‘what? Shorty replied ‘Get outta my way home boy, I want my food' exclaimed the plump, Dennis the menace look alike boy, pushing Shorty out of the lunch line. Shorty grasped his money in his hand with a firm grip and clenched his fist. The boy, a waddling pig, then squealed out, ‘gimme your lunch money' and shorty gave up his money within seconds not considering the fact that he could say no. for the rest of the day Shorty thought about what had happened and how stupid he had acted to give up his lunch money, ‘Get out my way shouted a passenger walking by' and moments later Shorty found himself in a big puddle of murky mud. Shorty looked at the computer shop and saw the new computer hacking game for his games console he wanted for a mighty long time. ‘Shorty we got someone tryin' to hack into our server, they go by the name-‘ ‘I aint got time for this' butted Shorty ‘but sir' ‘but nothing end of discussion' Shorty took control straight away. ‘Lets get down to business men' Shorty picked up a remote control and moved swiftly across the gigantic table, he clicked a button and the coughing of the room of hackers got drained away by the sound produced by the presentation. Shorty began to explain their assignment, ‘right my fellow hackers we are going to have to act quick on this, the government of the white house are planning to get rid of peer to peeer networking and it is up to us to prevent this' a big dark haired man wearing a jet black cape like coat spurted out, ‘Sir don't you think this is a bit, well way out of our league' a streak of sweat dropped slowly down Shorty's face as he snapped ‘Hush, impossible is nothing' as the long hours passed the hackers became weary and tired. I've found something, I've Found something,' shouted Neo. The specifications of the governments' computers showed that they had a total of 100 firewalls, this meant the the hacking team had to act quicker. ‘Use Denial of System to hack into the main framework of the computers, I'll write a backdoor Trojan for remote access to the generic host' explained Shorty as he wiped his sweaty forehead with a hankerchief, who was working the hardest he had ever worked before. After a stressful three quarters of an hour of death defying hacking, the team finally got through the hundreds of security software that was holding the precious government documents. This was time for Shorty to shine, he began writing his backdoor Trojan after a realm of debugging and source code writing the Trojan was complete and it was time. The Trojan began to do its works. Success the intense moment broke into cheers of laughter, ‘98% of downloading content complete†¦. as the percent downloaded gradually increased the crew became more uptight, finally 100% complete. Shorty, Neo and Morpheus the first to ever hack into the White House stood staring amongst each other. ‘Kid, you aiite? ‘ asked a concerned stranger, Shorty starred ahead of him into the busy street and saw the reflection of the moon on the wet, damp road, ‘I'm fine' he replied, and then continued to gaze into the night sky.

Are Digital Technologies For The Future Of The Agriculture...

Are digital technologies are megatrend? If so, what does it mean to be a megatrend and how can the megatrend of digital technologies aid the future of the agriculture industry? What does it mean to be a megatrend? A megatrend refers to a movement or force which impacts businesses, societies and the global economy at large by enduring for a period that is longer than typical trends (Frost Sullivan 2014; Kilbourne et al. 2014; PwC 2015). Due to the greater impetus of effects, megatrends cause changes at an economic, political, environmental, social and technological scope (Kilbourne et al. 2014; PwC 2015). Influence of Industry 4.0 The endemic digitisation of products, value chains and data in today’s modern age has been coined the ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution’ (PwC 2014). Also known as the â€Å"Internet of Things† and â€Å"Industry 4.0†, this era of digital technologies can be seen as a megatrend, with one fifth of industrial companies having digitised their core processes within the value chain as of 2014 (PwC 2014). As such, many industries are highly dependent on innovations to secure competitive gains (AIA Advocacy Policy Special Interest Group 2015). The agricultural industry, for example, utilises ‘precision agriculture’ methods which use technologies including geographic positioning systems (GPS), geographic information systems (GIS), sensors, advanced software, and precision equipment to match factors such as field conditions to appropriate seeds and fertilisers (HedleyShow MoreRelatedThe Consumer Rights Day By John F. Kennedy1332 Words   |  6 Pages REPUBLIC OF BOTSWANA ADDRESS TO THE NATION BY THE MINISTER OF TRADE AND INDUSTRY HONOURABLE VINCENT T. 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