Moons of Our Solar System

ancestralally hold (GM) diets be aliment items that earn had their DNA changed finished heritable engineering. (Mavis 2008). As the population of the world has proceed to grow, the supply pressure of food has plough to a greater extent and to a greater extent signifi merchant shipt. With the exploitation of genetically Modified bio engineering science, GM Foods contribute been arrest into our daily lives. Though GM foods keister help to rectify the quality of life, thither atomic subjugate 18 risks to complete self-confidence in GM foods. Whats much important, a dowery of consumers still rent doubts nigh the understanding towards GM food.The interrogative mood What locations does consumers have on buying genetically modify food? is meaningful because that the issue rough GM foods is becoming increasingly controversial. The controversies towards GM foods generally center on on environmental ethics, food security, poverty alleviation and environmental con servation. As customers be divided on their relative importance, virtually incarnateers claim that the GM engineering science commode solve the puzzle of food crisis and poverty. They overly consider that GM foods ar beneficial to environment such as they base protect smear and water.However, opponents think that GM foods should have about potential threat to human health and they violate the rules of record by commingle genes among unlike species. The purpose of this look into is to add-on a deep understand nigh the consumers lieus towards buying GM foods and find turn up if more or less of consumers elicit accept GM foods. (Hutchison, 2004) Literature review In the wear few years, many physiques on the consumers military strengths toward GM food have appeargond. thither is a concise review of existing writings that pass judgments consumers attitudes as following.Most of the information on European attitudes comes from a journal by Bredahl, Grunert, and Scholderer (2003). The article localizees on posted and answered quaternary oral sexs on European consumers attitudes towards the use of GM food. These four questions are (1) how negative are consumer attitudes to the event GM engineering science apply in food production? (2) How do these negative attitudes affect the predilection of consumer for GM products? (3) How pro entraply does these attitudes rooted in customers judgement? 4) Will the new information and throw change the customers attitudes? Bredahl, Grunert, and Scholderer (2003) believe that these four questions are central for understanding the consumers attitudes to the highest degree GM food. The article use some tables to tax the consumers attitudes ab erupt genetic modification in food production in sevensome European countries which are the UK, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Norway , Italy and Sweden. The data shows that just about of the customer have negative attitude towards GM food, the average support for GM foods is quite low.The national differences can withal be showed through the table the attitude is nigh tyrannical in Italy, and is around negative in Germany and the Scandinavian countries, darn Finland and the UK in a middle position. And the article as well showed some some early(a) mints to support this solving, for example, the Eurobarometer deals, which is a most well turn in one, have to a fault shown that most of consumers do non alike GM foods (Frewer & Shepherd, 1995 and Durant, Bauer & Gaskell, 1998European Commission, 1997, European Commission, 2000,)For the question how these negative attitudes affect the pickence of consumer for GM foods, Bredahl, Grunert, and Scholderer (2003) have design a look into about yoghourt. In general, consumers prefer the low-Fat yoghourt, but the yoghurt depart expire non-attractive consistency if they produced based on skim milk. Though using additives can improve this problem, many consumers dont like additives. However, by using GM engineering, the yoghurt can be enough consistency, lite and no additives. It bring home the bacond a good ground for the consumer gustations.In the research, consumers inspected the 3 products which are customary yoghurt, additives yoghurt and labeled GM yoghurt and social rank them according to discernment. And they must develop the reason for the ranking. The result showed that most of consumer rank GM yoghurt to last choice. And the plebeian reasons are that the GM engineering science is not familiar and not trus dickensrthy, they dont know if the product is healthy, and it harms nature. The conclusion is transparent the attitude to GM food has a strong influence on the preference of consumers. The third question and the last question were researched in different study.Respondents were asked to take part in a gustatory modality test of eight cheeses. Two weeks later, they get ind in another taste test which only provides two kinds of chees e. One cheese was the same taste as the one which obtain the highest preference in the elementary test and it was labeled produced with genetically special applied science the other one was the some taste as the one which obtain a ordinary preference in the first test. The results showed that when the most popular cheese labeled genetically modified technology, the preference was reduced.So, the study shows the attitude on GM food is deeply rooted in consumers survey and is not easily to change by experience. There are also some other important researches about consumers attitudes towards GM food. Hamstra (1995) evaluate the acceptance of consumers toward GM food through three studies of Dutch consumers. Product characteristics and consumer characteristics are included in these studies. In the first study, consumers participated in a face-to-face call into question about their attitudes and willingness to buy nine different GM foods (Hamstra, 1991).Means-end chain theory was utilize in the second study to notwithstanding research these aspects in some focus sort out discussions (Hamstra, 1993). The third study use the test of consumers to evaluate the model which developed in the second study (Hamstra, 1995). As a result, the studies showed that sensed benefits have a greater impact on consumers attitudes than perceived risks and there is no link surrounded by attitudes and experience of the genetically modified technology. Kutznesof and Ritson (1996) examined Irish and British consumers attitudes through focus group discussions.The results divided the consumers attitudes towards genetically modified foods into three types triers, undecided consumers and refusers. A large number of consumers were classified into the second group, and the rest of consumers were e rattling bit classified as refusing or judge genetically modified foods. Through the research, Kutznesof and Ritson (1996) tack to shake upher that there are some factors can increase the acceptability of genetically modified foods such as perceived consumer-related benefits, value consciousness, change magnitude product quality ( curiously the taste), and increased purity of products.They also bring that the acceptability of consumers depends on the types of genetically modified foods the genetically modified technology utilize on vegetables, fruits and dairy products can be more acceptable than eggs and meat. Some studies have analyzed consumers attitudes towards GM foods at a more broadly take aim. The attitudes of consumers have been be to be more positive towards applying genetically modified technology to plants than to human genetic material or animals. Frewer, Hedderley, Howard & Shepherd, 1997) The study which realised by defecate and Moore (2002) indentifies the relative importance, nature and strength of influences on parvenue Zealand consumers bearings towards buying genetically modified foods. The study used four method actings to evaluate the consumers attitudes which are focus groups, the questionnaire, statistical methods and distribution. Results delivered questionnaires to 289 consumers and received 266. The respondents contain 171 females and 95 males.In the received questionnaires, 159 respondents had an aim or strong intention not to obtain GM foods, 27 respondents had an buying or a strong purchasing intention and 80 respondents had no intention to obtain GM foods. Through the analysis with consistent logit analysis and Marginal effects for the lengthy model which related to self-identity, attitude, SN and PBC, Cook and Moore (2002) give that self-identity, attitude, SN and PBC can provide a positively influence on consumers attitude towards purchasing GM food.Males whitethorn more easily to regain in control over purchasing the food than females, on the contrary, females whitethorn easily to feel in control over not purchasing the genetically modified food. In addition, other related research shown th at the New Zealand public whitethorn be roughly less against with purchasing GM food. A national survey about farmers attitudes found that 49% farmers not willing to bargain for GM food and 12% farmers had positive attitudes to bribe (Cook et al. , 2000).Sallie and Michael, B (2004) choice model methods to analyze in what conditions the Australian consumers are willing to purchase GM food, and they also discuss these preferences in the work. The results of the report imply that if there has a dismiss on the consumers favorite food, they will have an intention to purchase the genetically modified foods. The report also showed that genetically modified technology which used on animals seems to be more unacceptable to respondents than that use on plants, especially among female respondents.In addition, another condition which can influence the consumers attitudes for a plastered type of food is age of the consumer the results found that older pile generally more accept of gen etically modified technology than younger mountain. In conclusion, the above books shows that most consumers have the negative attitudes towards purchasing genetically modified foods, and these negative attitudes are not easy to change that can affect the preference of consumers.Furthermore, some conditions such as age and sex of consumers, the species that be applied with GM technology and the discount of genetically modified foods can also effect the consumers attitudes. Methodology The main method of this research is questionnaire which contains online questionnaire and a paper-based survey questionnaire. And the responds off-key to be truthfully. The online questionnaire will be intentional on the official websites of large-scale supermarkets.And the associate of questionnaire should also be sent to the telecommunicate of the consumers who are the VIP or the invariable consumer of these supermarkets. In addition, the questionnaire will not top off 8 minutes. The questionn aire should contain open-ended questions and close-ended questions. The sample open-ended questions should be Do you have a positive attitude or negative attitude towards purchasing genetically modified foods? Why? and How you access the knowledge about genetically modified technology.On the other hand, the close-ended question must contain the sex and the age level of the respondents, the questions should be designed like I have a intention to purchase foods produced using genetically modified technology (very strongly disagree, disagree, agree or very strongly agree) what do you think your family members or friends opinion would be when you purchasing genetically modified foods? (Extremely unfavorable, unfavorable, favorable or exceedingly favorable) Do you think your family members or friends opinion will change your attitudes towards purchasing genetically modified foods? Very strongly disagree, disagree, agree, or very strongly agree). These three questions are very important to understand the consumers attitudes towards purchasing genetically modified foods. The advantage of online questionnaire is that it is a less expensive way to ask more peck, and it can also investigate the people who are at a far distance. Furthermore, the questionnaire can be promptly done and anonymity figures more valuable responses. But there are also some drawbacks about online questionnaire that must be foreseen.For example, in general, the responds to online questionnaire are from younger people and the response rate should be limited because that not everyone can access to the website. whole these conditions should be considered on the result of research. The paper-based survey questionnaire will be sent to the consumers in supermarkets. In order to attract the consumers, the people who accept investigate can get a small gift as an incentive that can increase the participate rate. The age of participate range should among twenties and sixties.And the details of pap er questionnaire may be same as the online questionnaire. The drawback of paper-based survey is that poor handwriting may be appeared on the space of open-ended question and some of them cannot be identified accurately. unessential research is also needed in order to assist the evaluation about results of questionnaire survey. The lower-ranking sources can be found in three areas sales report of a well-known company which produces genetically modified foods, customer database of this company and primary data.Newspapers, previous research reports, journal content, and establishment statistics could provide the primary data to secondary. The limitations of secondary research should also be considered during the do work of research. For example, some secondary data may not be helpful to the research evaluation because that some data can be vague and general. On the other hand, the source of data must be checked in order to ensure the data is accurate. Moreover, the data maybe out o f date.At last, the results of questionnaire and secondary research should be collect together to evaluate the respondents attitudes toward purchasing genetically modified foods and calculate if most of consumers can accept GM food. destruction There should be two results of this research one result is that most of consumers can accept genetically modified foods. It bureau as genetically modified technology becoming increasingly more oriented lifestyle, the consumers are increasingly familiar with the technology about genetically modified foods, more and more people can trust in GM food.The other result is that most of consumers cannot accept genetically modified foods, and the questionnaire can affect the reasons. It means people still have doubts about the natural rubber and technology of genetically modified food. Genetically modified food is new technology products, though it still exist some problems, but with the development of science and technology, it will be more and mo re perfect. As long as follow the authentic rules, life will be more superior with the healthy and orderly development of GM technology.